Causes Of Heart Attack ACS and MI.

                                                                    ACS and MI

Acute coronary syndrome or ACS is a set of one or more conditions that cause the blockage of blood flow to the heart muscles resulting in a myocardial infarction. or MI the heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood containing oxygen and nutrients to the rest of the body.

the left ventricle is the main pumping chamber of the heart and contracts to send oxygenated blood to the rest of the body, through the aorta several smaller arteries known as coronary arteries are connected to the aorta and supply the muscles of the heart with the necessary oxygen and nutrients.

In Acute coronary syndrome there is a blockage in the blood flow through the coronary arteries, usually due to an atherosclerotic plaque a coronary artery spasm or a coronary artery dissections. In atherosclerosis the continued deposition of a fatty plaque results in the narrowing of the involved coronary artery rupture of this plaque results in the formation of a blood clot thereby causing a blockage of the involved coronary artery.

 The formation of a blood clot is the most common cause of a coronary artery blockage other less common causes of coronary artery blockage include a coronary artery spasm which is triggered by drugs smoking cold weather or extreme stress resulting in a sudden tightening of the coronary artery or a coronary artery dissection in which the inside wall of the coronary artery separates resulting in a blockage to the blood flow.

Such a blockage to either of the coronary arteries results in oxygen and nutrients failing to reach the part of the heart supplied by it causing the death of the heart muscle a condition known as myocardial infarction symptoms of a blocked coronary artery include sudden pain or discomfort tightening or a burning sensation in the chest. known as angina which may extend to the upper abdomen shoulders arms neck or lower jaw.

Angina occurring at rest or as multiple episodes preventing even moderate physical activity is known as unstable angina and is commonly observed in acute coronary syndrome other symptoms of acute coronary syndrome include.

1st: breathlessness

2nd: dizziness

3rd: sweating

Nausea treatment of acute coronary syndrome or an mi usually involves the following.

1st: oxygen therapy to increase the amount of oxygen delivered to the blood and heart.

2nd: aspirin or anti-platelet therapy to prevent blood clots.

3rd: thrombolytic therapy such as tpa or streptokinase to break up existing blood clots.

4th: nitroglycerine and morphine to relax the coronary arteries and relieve the pain.

5th: better blockers which reduce the heart rate thereby decreasing the oxygen requirement.

6th: coronary angioplasty an interventional procedure in which a balloon-tipped catheter is inflated inside a blocked coronary artery to open it with a stent remaining behind to keep the coronary artery patent.

7th: coronary artery bypass grafting or cabg pronounced as cabbage a surgical procedure in which the blocked coronary artery is bypassed with a vein or artificial graft material in order to re-establish blood flow to the heart.